chapter 13 椤捐佸笀

鍏跺疄鍚庢潵鐨勯珮涓椂鏈燂紝闄堟灄閿﹀拰椤炬涓鐩存槸浠モ滃ソ鏈嬪弸鈥濈殑鐘舵佺浉澶勭殑锛岃櫧鐒惰繖鎵璋撶殑濂芥湅鍙嬫湁浜涒滆秺鐣屸濅簡锛屼粬浠篃蹇冪煡鑲氭槑閮藉瀵规柟杩樻湁閭ｄ箞涓鐐圭壒娈婄殑鎰熻锛屼絾涔熷彧鏄綋浣滃叧绯诲ソ鐨勫ソ鏈嬪弸锛岄偅灞傞殧鍦ㄤ粬浠箣闂磋杽钖勭殑绐楁埛绾稿缁堟病鏈夎鎹呯牬銆?br />

鎵浠ラ檲鏋楅敠涔熶笉鐭ラ亾锛屼粬浠槸鐪熺殑濂芥湅鍙嬪憿锛岃繕鏄︹﹁繕鏄郊姝ゅ枩娆㈠鏂圭殑鍛?br />

濂逛笉鐭ラ亾浠栧娓╅洩鏄粈涔堟劅鎯呬簡銆?br />

楂樹腑涓夊勾鍏跺疄涓鏅冨緢蹇氨杩囧幓浜嗭紝椤炬鍜屾俯闆篃骞舵病鏈夊お澶氫氦闆嗭紝鍊掓槸娓╅洩锛岄檲鏋楅敠涓鐩翠粠鍒汉鍙ｄ腑鍚埌濂硅繕鍠滄椤炬鐨勬秷鎭?br />

褰撶劧锛屽ぇ瀹朵篃閮界煡閬撻【妗鍜岄檲鏋楅敠鐨勫叧绯绘槸涓嶄竴鑸殑銆?br />

鈥斺斺斺斺?br />

楂樹竴鍒氬叆瀛︼紝闄堟灄閿︿竴涓嬪瓙闈复鐫涔濋棬涓璧风殑瀛︿範鍘嬪姏锛岀悊绉戝緢宸殑濂圭墿鐞嗙粡甯告寕绉戙?br />

濂瑰鐗╃悊娌℃湁澶╁垎鍟娿?br />

浜庢槸姣忓ぉ閮藉湪鍥炲鍚庤窡椤炬瑕佷綔涓氭妱锛屽ス鐪熸槸鎶婂皬瀛﹀紑濮嬬殑涔犳儻涓鐩村潥鎸佸埌浜嗙幇鍦ㄣ傚洜涓哄ス鍜岄【妗涓嶅湪涓涓彮锛岃屽鏍″竷缃殑浣滀笟閮芥槸宸笉澶氱殑锛屽ス鎬绘槸瓒佺潃涓嶅悓鑰佸笀甯冪疆浣滀笟鐨勬椂闂村樊璺熼【妗瑕佷粬宸茬粡鍐欒繃浜嗙殑鍗峰瓙鎴栬呬綔涓氾紝鍥犳鍒颁簡楂樹腑锛屼粬浠箣闂磋繕鏄湁鐫瀵嗗垏鐨勫叧绯汇?br />

涓嶈繃浠栦滑濂藉儚閮藉褰兼濂芥湅鍙嬬殑鍏崇郴娌℃湁澶寮傝锛屾棦娌¤亰杩囦互鍓嶇殑鎭嬬埍鍜屽垎鎵嬶紝涔熸病鏈夎杩囦互鍚庡叧绯绘槸鍚︿細鏀瑰彉銆?br />

褰兼閮芥妸瀵规柟褰撲綔鈥滄渶濂界殑寮傛ф湅鍙嬧濄?br />

鍦ㄤ綔涓氳姹備笂锛岄【妗瀵归檲鏋楅敠绠楁槸鏈夋眰蹇呭簲锛岀粡甯哥湅鍒颁笅璇炬垨鑰呮斁瀛﹂檲鏋楅敠鍦ㄩ【妗鐝骇闂ㄥ彛绛夌潃浠栬窡浠栬鍗峰瓙锛屼笉鐒跺氨鏄洖瀹禥Q涓婅涓澹伴【妗灏变細绉掑彂浣滀笟杩囨潵锛屼笉璇村叾浠栵紝闄堟灄閿﹀湪杩欐柟闈㈣繕鏄潪甯告弧鎰忛【妗杩欎釜濂芥湅鍙嬬殑韬唤鐨勩?br />

鎵浠ユ湡鏈紝濂圭殑鐗╃悊涓嶅嚭鎰忓鐨勫張鎸備簡銆?br />

鏀惧畬瀵掑亣鍥炴潵杩樿鍘昏ˉ鑰冿紝铏界劧涔熷氨鏄ス涓嶄互涓虹劧鐨?7鍒嗐?br />

涓嶅氨鍜屽強鏍肩嚎宸簡3鍒嗗槢锛屼篃涓嶇畻澶樊銆?br />

瀵掑亣渚胯佹槸绾﹂【妗鍑烘潵鍦ㄨ偗寰峰熀璁╀粬甯繖杈呭鐗╃悊銆?br />

鈥滀綘鍙笉鑳藉啀杩欐牱涓嬪幓浜嗗晩锛岃佹妱浣滀笟锛屾垚缁╀笉浼氬ソ鐨勩傗濋【妗鎬绘槸鎷跨瑪鏁叉暡濂圭殑鑴戣锛屼弗鑲冨湴鍛婅濂广?br />

鈥滅煡閬撲簡鍢涖傗濋檲鏋楅敠涓嶉珮鍏村湴鎾囨拠鍢达紝鈥滅墿鐞嗘垜鏄湡涓嶄細锛屽ぉ鐢熷氨杩欐牱锛屼笉鎶勫氨鍐欎笉鍑烘潵锛屾病鐨勪氦涓婂幓銆傗?br />

鈥滃攭锛屼綘鍟娾︹濅粬鎬绘槸涓鍓仺閾佷笉鎴愰挗鐨勬棤濂堟ā鏍凤紝缁х画鑰愬績鍦拌瑙ｇ潃涓嬮潰鐨勯锛屸滆繕鏈夊摢閲屼笉鎳傦紵鈥?br />

璇存潵濂囨紝鍒濅腑浠栦滑鍦ㄤ竴璧锋椂閭ｄ箞闀跨殑鏆戝亣涔熸病鑳借鍒板嚑娆★紝姣忔瑙侀潰鐨勬椂鍊欒繕鎬绘槸灏村按灏艾娌℃湁璇濊亰锛岃岀幇鍦紝鏄庢槑鏄湪鍚屼竴涓偗寰峰熀锛岄【妗鍗存効鎰忓湪杩欓噷闄潃濂逛负濂硅楄垂浜嗕竴涓張涓涓笅鍗堣棰樸?br />

鍙兘閭ｄ釜鏃跺欎粬浠湡鐨勬槸涓嶅鍠滄瀵规柟涔熶笉澶熷悎閫傚惂銆?br />

閭ｇ幇鍦ㄥ憿锛?br />

闄堟灄閿︿笉鐭ラ亾銆傜幇鍦ㄧ殑浠栦滑濂藉儚鍙鍙繘锛岄涓姝ュ氨鍙樻垚鍒嗘墜鍚庡按灏殑鍓嶄换鍏崇郴锛岃繘涓姝ュ嵈濂藉儚鍙堣兘鎴愪负鐢滆湝鐨勬亱浜恒?br />

绠椾簡锛岃繕鏄爺绌剁爺绌剁墿鐞嗗惂銆?br />

鏂板鏈熺殑鐗╃悊琛ヨ冮檲鏋楅敠鐞嗘墍褰撶劧鐨勮繃浜嗭紝绠鍗曠殑琛ヨ冨嵎瀛愯繕鑰冧簡涓珮鍒嗐?br />

鎵橀【妗鐨勭锛屽瘨鍋囨湡闂磋繕甯﹀ス棰勪範浜嗕笅瀛︽湡鐨勫唴瀹癸紝鍥犳鏂板鏈熺涓娆℃湀鑰冮檲鏋楅敠鐨勭墿鐞嗕篃鑰冪殑涓嶉敊锛岃冻瓒虫湁83鍒嗐?br />

鈥滃帀瀹冲晩锛岃繘姝ヤ簡杩欎箞澶氾紝閮藉揩鎴愬闇镐簡銆傗濇斁瀛﹀悗闄堟灄閿︿笓闂ㄥ幓鎵鹃【妗